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National Trade Data Bank
ITEM ID : ST BNOTES STKITTS
DATE : Oct 28, 1994
AGENCY : U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
PROGRAM : BACKGROUND NOTES
TITLE : Background Notes - ST KITTS AND NEVIS
Source key : ST
Program key : ST BNOTES
Update sched. : Occasionally
Data type : TEXT
End year : 1993
Date of record : 19941018
Keywords 3 :
Keywords 3 : | ST KITTS AND NEVIS
BACKGROUND NOTES: ST KITTS AND NEVIS, MAY 1993
PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS
US DEPARTMENT OF STATE
MAY 1993
Official Name: Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis
PROFILE
Geography
Area: St. Kitts 168 sq. km. (68 sq. mi.); Nevis 93 sq. km. (36
sq. mi.). Cities: Capital--Basseterre (pop. about 15,000).
Terrain: Generally mountainous, with highest elevation at Mt.
Liamuiga 3,792 ft. (St. Kitts) and Nevis Peak 3,232 ft. (Nevis).
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s).
Population (1990): 40,300 (St. Kitts 31,000, Nevis 9,300).
Annual growth rate (est.): 1.5%. Ethnic groups: Almost
entirely of black African origin; some of British, Portuguese,
and Lebanese origin. Religions: Principally Anglican, with
evangelical Protestant and Roman Catholic minorities. Languages:
English (official). Education (1991): Years compulsory--9.
Literacy--98%. Health (1990): Infant mortality rate--22/1,000.
Unemployment--12%.
Government
Type: Constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament.
Constitution: 1983. Independence: September 19, 1983.
Branches: Executive--governor general (representing Queen
Elizabeth II, head of state), prime minister (head of
government), cabinet. Legislative--an 11-member Upper House or
Senate appointed by the governor general (mainly on the advice of
the prime minister and the leader of the opposition) and an
11-member popularly elected House of Representatives.
Judicial--Court of Appeal.
Administrative subdivisions: 14 parishes.
Political parties: People's Action Movement (ruling), St. Kitts
Labor Party, Nevis Reformation Party, Concerned Citizens
Movement. Suffrage: Universal at 18.
Flag: The flag is oblong, divided diagonally from the bottom
right to the top left by a black stripe with yellow borders. The
black stripe contains two white stars. The top background is
green, and the bottom background is red.
Economy
GDP (1991): $165 million. Annual growth rate (1991): 3.4%.
Per capita GNP: $3,300.
Natural resources: Negligible.
Agriculture: Products--sugarcane, cotton, peanuts, vegetables.
Industry (1990): Types--manufacturing 14%, transport and
communications 15%, construction 13%, hotels and restaurants 8%.
Trade (1991): Exports--US $126 million. Major markets--CARICOM,
US, UK. Imports--US $115 million.
Official exchange rate: Eastern Caribbean $2.70=US$1.
GEOGRAPHY
St. Kitts and Nevis lies in the Leeward Islands in the Eastern
Caribbean, 17 degrees 15' North, 62 degrees 40' West. The sister
islands are separated by a channel some 3 kilometers (2 mi.)
wide. St. Kitts is roughly oval in shape, with a narrow neck of
land extending like a handle from the southeastern end. The
total length of the island is 36.8 kilometers (23 mi.), and its
area is 168 square kilometers (68 sq. mi.).
The central part of the main body consists of a rugged mountain
range whose highest point is Mount Liamuiga (1,155 meters--3,792
ft.). St. Kitts is a volcanic formation, and most of the beaches
are of black volcanic sand, although several white sand beaches
are found on the southeastern portion of the island.
Nevis has an area of 93 kilometers (36 sq. mi.). The island's
dominant central peak, its tip usually encircled by clouds, rises
gradually to an almost perfect cone to 985 meters (3,232 ft.),
giving it a spectacularly beautiful appearance from the sea.
There are long stretches of golden sandy beaches. Charlestown is
the only town, with a population of about 1,200.
The climate of St. Kitts and Nevis is pleasant and healthy. The
islands lie on the path of the northeast trade winds, and there
is a steady cool breeze throughout the year. The highest
temperature recorded is 330C (920F), and the lowest is 170C
(620F). Humidity is low, and there is no rainy season. Average
annual rainfall on St. Kitts is about 140 centimeters (55 in.);
on Nevis, somewhat less.
PEOPLE AND HISTORY
The islands were originally inhabited by Carib Indians.
Christopher Columbus landed there in 1493 on his second voyage
and named it after his patron saint, St. Christopher. Sir Thomas
Warner led the original English party to the island in 1624.
"Kitt" was an English shortened version of "Christopher," hence
"St. Kitt's" island. It was from here that English colonists
spread to other islands in the region.
In 1624, the French under D'Esnambuc also colonized part of the
island. Intermittent warfare between French and British settlers
during the 17th century, ravaged the economy until it was ceded
entirely to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The final
fight for the island occurred in 1782, when French forces
captured Brimstone Hill.
Columbus also discovered Nevis on his second voyage, and
reputedly called it Nevis because of its resemblance to a
snowcapped mountain (in Spanish "Nuestra Senora de las Nieves" or
"Our Lady of the Snows"). On July 22, 1628, Warner sent Capt.
Anthony Hilton to colonize Nevis. Hilton became the first
governor of Nevis, setting it on a path to great prosperity for
the next 150 years. Its relative opulence in the 17th century
gave it the name "Queen of the Caribbees." Alexander Hamilton
was born on Nevis in 1757.
The Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis attained full independence
on September 19, 1983.
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS
As head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II is represented in
St. Kitts and Nevis by a governor general, who acts on the advice
of the prime minister and the cabinet. The prime minister is the
leader of the majority party of the House, and the cabinet
conducts affairs of state. St. Kitts and Nevis has a bicameral
legislature: an 11-member Upper House or Senate appointed by the
governor general (mainly on the advice of the prime minister and
the leader of the opposition) and an 11-member popularly elected
House of Representatives. The prime minister and the cabinet are
responsible to the parliament. St. Kitts and Nevis has enjoyed a
long history of free and fair elections. In the March 1989
elections, the ruling People's Action Movement won six of the
eight St. Kitts seats, with the St. Kitts Labor Party capturing
the remaining two. The Nevis Reformation Party won two of the
three Nevis seats, with the Concerned Citizens Movement winning
the remaining one. The next election is scheduled for March
1994.
Under the constitution, Nevis has considerable autonomy and has
an island assembly, a premier, and a deputy governor general.
Under certain specified conditions, it may secede from the
Federation.
Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, press,
worship, movement, and association. Like its neighbors in the
English-speaking Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis has an
outstanding human rights record. Its judicial system is modeled
on British practice and procedure and its jurisprudence on
English Common Law. The Royal St. Kitts Police Force is a
constabulary of about 340 members.
Principal Government Officials
Chief of State--Queen Elizabeth II
Governor General--Sir Clement Arrindell
Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Home Affairs, and
Finance--Kennedy A. Simmonds
Principal Nevis Island Government Official
Premier--Vance Amory
The embassy of St. Kitts and Nevis is located at 2100 M Street,
NW, Suite #608, Washington, DC 20037 (tel. 202-833-3550).
ECONOMY
Until recently, St. Kitts and Nevis was the last sugar
monoculture in the Eastern Caribbean. Faced with continuing
reductions in the US sugar quota, the Government of St. Kitts and
Nevis embarked on a successful program to diversify the
agricultural sector and stimulate the development of other
sectors of the economy. In addition to encouraging the planting
of alternate crops, the government has found new ways to use its
sugarcane, such as for producing gelled ethanol for cooking fuel
and a new cane spirits liquor.
The government has instituted a program of investment incentives
for businesses considering locating in St. Kitts or Nevis,
encouraging both domestic and foreign private investment.
Government policies provide liberal tax holidays, duty-free
import of equipment and materials, and subsidies for training
provided to local personnel. The formation of an Investment
Promotion Agency in 1987 has greatly assisted this effort; light
manufacturing has expanded, particularly in electronics.
Tourism has shown the greatest growth, however. In 1987,
tourism, surpassed sugar as the major foreign exchange earner for
St. Kitts and Nevis. Completion of the US Agency for
International Development (USAID)-funded Southeast Peninsula Road
project opened a whole new area of St. Kitts for hotel
construction. Many of the island's most beautiful beaches are
found in this area.
St. Kitts and Nevis are beneficiaries of the US Caribbean Basin
Initiative. As members of the 13-nation Caribbean Economic
Community and Common Market, they have signed a framework
agreement with the United States to promote trade and investment
under the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative.
FOREIGN RELATIONS
St. Kitts and Nevis maintains diplomatic relations with the
United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, China, and South
Korea, as well as with many Latin American countries and
neighboring Eastern Caribbean states. It is a member of the
Commonwealth; the United Nations and several of its specialized
and related agencies, including the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund; the Organization of American States;
the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the Caribbean
Regional Security System; and the Caribbean Common Market.
US-ST. KITTS AND NEVIS RELATIONS
Since St. Kitts and Nevis attained full independence in 1983, US
relations have been very friendly. The US Embassy in St. John's,
Antigua, conducts bilateral relations with St. Kitts and Nevis.
The United States seeks to help St. Kitts and Nevis develop
economically and to help strengthen its moderate, democratic,
parliamentary form of government. St. Kitts and Nevis is
strategically placed in the Leeward Islands, near maritime
transport lanes of major importance to the United States. St.
Kitts and Nevis benefits from a number of AID projects, including
scholarship and training programs and small business assistance.
Principal US Officials
The US Embassy in Antigua handles affairs with St. Kitts and
Nevis.
Charge d'Affaires--Bryant Salter
The US Embassy is located on Queen Elizabeth Highway, St. John's,
Antigua (tel. 809-462-3505).
Travel Notes:
Entry requirements: A passport and visa are not required for US
and Canadian citizens to enter St. Kitts and Nevis as temporary
visitors for periods up to 6 months, but the Department of State
recommends that US citizens always carry a valid passport as
proof of citizenship. St. Kitts and Nevis immigration
authorities require some proof of citizenship upon entry--a birth
certificate or voter registration card and a valid drivers'
license with photo. They also will require a return ticket or
proof of onward travel.
Telecommunications: St. Kitts and Nevis has a good internal
telephone system, which is accessible from the United States by
direct dialing area code 809 and the local number. International
telephone, cable, and telex services are good and are available
24 hours a day.
Published by the United States Department of State -- Bureau of
Public Affairs -- Office of Public Communication -- Washington,
DC -- May 1993 -- Managing Editor: Peter Knecht Editor:
Josephine C. Brooks
Department of State Publication 8874
Background Notes Series -- This material is in the public domain
and may be reprinted without permission; citation of this source
is appreciated.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.